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This Day in History

omeg

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<em class="date">Dec 30, 1922: USSR established </h2>In post-revolutionary Russia, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is established, comprising a confederation of Russia, Belorussia, Ukraine, and the Transcaucasian Federation (divided in 1936 into the Georgian, Azerbaijan, and Armenian republics). Also known as the Soviet Union, the new communist state was the successor to the Russian Empire and the first country in the world to be based on Marxist socialism.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Dec 31, 1999: Panama Canal turned over to Panama </h2>On this day in 1999, the United States, in accordance with the Torrijos-Carter Treaties, officially hands over control of the Panama Canal, putting the strategic waterway into Panamanian hands for the first time. Crowds of Panamanians celebrated the transfer of the 50-mile canal, which links the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and officially opened when the SS Arcon sailed through on August 15, 1914. Since then, over 922,000 ships have used the canal.
 
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omeg

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People around the world have been celebrating the start of each new year for at least four millennia.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 2, 1980: U.S.-Russia detente ends </h2>On this day in 1980, in a strong reaction to the December 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Jimmy Carter asks the Senate to postpone action on the SALT II nuclear weapons treaty and recalls the U.S. ambassador to Moscow. These actions sent a message that the age of detente and the friendlier diplomatic and economic relations that were established between the United States and Soviet Union during President Richard Nixon's administration (1969-74) had ended.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 3, 1990: Noriega surrenders to U.S. </h2>On this day in 1990, Panama's General Manuel Antonio Noriega, after holing up for 10 days at the Vatican embassy in Panama City, surrenders to U.S. military troops to face charges of drug trafficking. Noriega was flown to Miami the following day and crowds of citizens on the streets of Panama City rejoiced. On July 10, 1992, the former dictator was convicted of drug trafficking, money laundering and racketeering and sentenced to 40 years in prison.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 4, 1999: The euro debuts </h2>On this day in 1999, for the first time since Charlemagne's reign in the ninth century, Europe is united with a common currency when the &quot;euro&quot; debuts as a financial unit in corporate and investment markets. Eleven European Union (EU) nations (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain), representing some 290 million people, launched the currency in the hopes of increasing European integration and economic growth. Closing at a robust 1.17 U.S. dollars on its first day, the euro promised to give the dollar a run for its money in the new global economy. Euro cash, decorated with architectural images, symbols of European unity and member-state motifs, went into circulation on January 1, 2002, replacing the Austrian schilling, Belgian franc, Finnish markka, French franc, German mark, Italian lira, Irish punt, Luxembourg franc, Netherlands guilder, Portugal escudo and Spanish peseta. A number of territories and non-EU nations including Monaco and Vatican City also adopted the euro.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 6, 1838: Morse demonstrates telegraph </h2>On this day in 1838, Samuel Morse's telegraph system is demonstrated for the first time at the Speedwell Iron Works in Morristown, New Jersey. The telegraph, a device which used electric impulses to transmit encoded messages over a wire, would eventually revolutionize long-distance communication, reaching the height of its popularity in the 1920s and 1930s.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 7, 1789: First U.S. presidential election </h2>On this day in 1789, America's first presidential election is held. Voters cast ballots to choose state electors; only white men who owned property were allowed to vote. As expected, George Washington won the election and was sworn into office on April 30, 1789.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 8, 1877: Crazy Horse fights last battle </h2>On this day in 1877, Crazy Horse and his warriors--outnumbered, low on ammunition and forced to use outdated weapons to defend themselves--fight their final losing battle against the U.S. Cavalry in Montana.
 
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<em class="date">Jan 8, 2011: Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords injured in shooting rampage </h2>On this day in 2011, Gabrielle Giffords, a U.S. congresswoman from Arizona, is critically injured when a man goes on a shooting spree during the congresswomans meeting with constituents outside a supermarket. Six people died in the attack and another 13, including Giffords, were wounded. The alleged gunman, 22-year-old Jared Lee Loughner, was taken into custody at the scene. ____________________________________________________________ I can remember exactly what I was doing when the shooting occurred. My, how time has changed for me.Giffords is an amazing woman. The way she pulled through her ordeal is an inspiration to me.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 9, 1493: Columbus mistakes manatees for mermaids </h2>On this day in 1493, Italian explorer Christopher Columbus, sailing near the Dominican Republic, sees three &quot;mermaids&quot;--in reality manatees--and describes them as &quot;not half as beautiful as they are painted.&quot; Six months earlier, Columbus (1451-1506) set off from Spain across the Atlantic Ocean with the Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria, hoping to find a western trade route to Asia. Instead, his voyage, the first of four he would make, led him to the Americas, or &quot;New World.&quot;
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 10, 1901: Gusher signals start of U.S. oil industry </h2>On this day in 1901, a drilling derrick at Spindletop Hill near Beaumont, Texas, produces an enormous gusher of crude oil, coating the landscape for hundreds of feet and signaling the advent of the American oil industry. The geyser was discovered at a depth of over 1,000 feet, flowed at an initial rate of approximately 100,000 barrels a day and took nine days to cap. Following the discovery, petroleum, which until that time had been used in the U.S. primarily as a lubricant and in kerosene for lamps, would become the main fuel source for new inventions such as cars and airplanes; coal-powered forms of transportation including ships and trains would also convert to the liquid fuel.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 11, 1908: Theodore Roosevelt makes Grand Canyon a national monument </h2>On January 11, 1908, U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt declares the massive Grand Canyon in northwestern Arizona a national monument.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 12, 1926: Original Amos n Andy debuts on Chicago radio </h2>On this day in 1926, the two-man comedy series &quot;Sam 'n' Henry&quot; debuts on Chicago's WGN radio station. Two years later, after changing its name to &quot;Amos 'n' Andy,&quot; the show became one of the most popular radio programs in American history.
 
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<em class="date">Jan 13, 1128: Pope recognizes Knights Templar </h2>On this day in 1128, Pope Honorius II grants a papal sanction to the military order known as the Knights Templar, declaring it to be an army of God.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 14, 1875: Albert Schweitzer born </h2>The theologian, musician, philosopher and Nobel Prize-winning physician Albert Schweitzer is born on this day in 1875 in Upper-Alsace, Germany (now Haut-Rhin, France).
 
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<em class="date">Jan 15, 1967: Packers face Chiefs in first Super Bowl </h2>On this day in 1967, at the Los Angeles Coliseum, the Green Bay Packers beat the Kansas City Chiefs in the first-ever world championship game of American football.
 
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PMM2008 wrote: <em class="date" style=" ">Jan 15, 1831:The Hunchback of Notre Dame is finished </h2>On this day in 1831, Victor Hugo finishes writing Notre Dame de Paris, also known as The Hunchback of Notre Dame. Distracted by other projects, Hugo had continually postponed his deadlines for delivering the book to his publishers, but once he sat down to write it, he completed the novel in only four months.
 
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omeg

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Here is the article in full Mben, but it never really says how long it actually took hom to complete the novel.
confuse.gif
 
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omeg

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Victor Hugo began writing The Hunchback of Notre-Dame in 1829.The agreement with his original publisher, Gosselin, was that the book would be finished that same year, but Hugo was constantly delayed due to the demands of other projects.By the summer of 1830, Gosselin demanded Victor Hugo to complete the book by February 1831.Beginning in September 1830, Hugo worked nonstop on the project thereafter. The book was finished six months later.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame
 
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<em class="date-loc">Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) was a Baptist minister and social activist who played a key role in the American civil rights movement from the mid-1950s until his assassination in 1968. Inspired by advocates of nonviolence such as Mahatma Gandhi, King sought equality for African Americans, the economically disadvantaged and victims of injustice through peaceful protest. He was the driving force behind watershed events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington, which helped bring about such landmark legislation as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 and is remembered each year on Martin Luther King Jr. Day, a U.S. federal holiday since 1986. <em class="date">
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 17, 1950: Boston thieves pull off historic robbery </h2>On this day in 1950, 11 men steal more than $2 million from the Brinks Armored Car depot in Boston, Massachusetts. It was the perfect crime--almost--as the culprits weren't caught until January 1956, just days before the statute of limitations for the theft expired.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 18, 1919: Post-World War I peace conference begins in Paris </h2>On this day in Paris, France, some of the most powerful people in the world meet to begin the long, complicated negotiations that would officially mark the end of the First World War.
 
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<em class="date">Jan 19, 1809: Edgar Allan Poe is born </h2>On this day in 1809, poet, author and literary critic Edgar Allan Poe is born in Boston, Massachusetts.
 
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<em class="date">Jan 20, 1981: Iran Hostage Crisis ends </h2>Minutes after Ronald Reagan's inauguration as the 40th president of the United States, the 52 U.S. captives held at the U.S. embassy in Teheran, Iran, are released, ending the 444-day Iran Hostage Crisis.
 
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<em class="date">Jan 21, 1977: President Carter pardons draft dodgers </h2>On this day in 1977, U.S. President Jimmy Carter grants an unconditional pardon to hundreds of thousands of men who evaded the draft during the Vietnam War.
 
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<em class="date">Jan 22, 1998: Ted Kaczynski pleads guilty to bombings </h2>On this day in 1998, in a Sacramento, California, courtroom, Theodore J. Kaczynski pleads guilty to all federal charges against him, acknowledging his responsibility for a 17-year campaign of package bombings attributed to the &quot;Unabomber.&quot; <em class="date">Jan 22, 1973: Roe v. Wade </h2>The Supreme Court decriminalizes abortion by handing down their decision in the case of Roe v. Wade. Despite opponents' characterization of the decision, it was not the first time that abortion became a legal procedure in the United States. In fact, for most of the country's first 100 years, abortion as we know it today was not only not a criminal offense, it was also not considered immoral.
 
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omeg

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<em class="date">Jan 23, 1957: Toy company Wham-O produces first Frisbees </h2>On this day in 1957, machines at the Wham-O toy company roll out the first batch of their aerodynamic plastic discs--now known to millions of fans all over the world as Frisbees.
 
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